Maternal Smoking and Congenital Heart Disease in Fetus

  • Dr Yukiko Kawazu, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Osaka Medical Center for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
  • Dr Noboru Inamura, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Osaka Medical Center for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan, Japan
  • Dr Akane Kadota, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Osaka Medical Center for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan, Japan
  • Dr Shu Maekawa, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Osaka Medical Center for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan, Japan
  • Dr Yuji Hamamichi, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Osaka Medical Center for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan, Japan
  • Dr Futoshi Kayatani, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Osaka Medical Center for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan, Japan

    • Background: Maternal smoking is thought to be one of risk factors of problems in fetus. Most congenital heart diseases(CHD) are of unknown etiology. This study examined the association between maternal smoking during the periconceptional period and the risk of CHD in fetus.
    Methods: We performed the fetal echocardiogram for 254times, 172 maternal cases between January and December 2007. The all cases are divided into three groups. A: 40 cases of CHD fetus (without chromosomal anomaly), B: 117 cases with no CHD fetus (without chromosomal anomaly), C: 15 cases with chromosomal anomaly fetus. Diagnoses of all cases were confirmed postnatally. Information on maternal smoking was obtained via medical records of the mothers.
    Results: GroupA had 14 maternal smoking cases(35%). GroupB had 21 maternal smoking cases(17.9%). GroupC had 1 maternal smoking case(0.07%). Maternal smoking during the periconceptional period was associated with CHD (without chromosomal anomaly)of their fetuses (p=0.027). On the other hand, groupA, B and C had 22(55%), 59(50.4%), and 5(33.3%) paternal smoking cases, respectively. There was no increased risk of CHD fetus with paternal smoking.
    Conclusion: This study observed that maternal smoking during the periconceptional period increased the risk for CHD in the fetus. Further study are needed to elucidate this association.