Coarctation of the aorta – still a missed diagnosis

  • Dr Silvia Alvares, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, EPE, Unidade Maria Pia, Portugal
  • Dr Marisa Carvalho, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, EPE, Unidade Maria Pia, Portugal
  • Dr Marilia Loureiro, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, EPE, Unidade Maria Pia, Portugal
  • Dr Carmen Carmo, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, EPE, Unidade Maria Pia, Portugal
  • Dr Celia Madalena, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, EPE, Unidade Maria Pia, Portugal
  • Dr Ricardo Machado, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, EPE, HGSA, Portugal
  • Dr Conceição Mota, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, EPE, Unidade Maria Pia, Portugal
  • Aortic coarctation is the most common correctable cardiovascular cause of secondary hypertension. We present two clinical cases of unusual presentation. Case 1: A 12 years old girl was referred for cardiac evaluation in the setting of hypertension difficult to control. Diagnosis of hypertension was established at the age of ten. Anterior investigation was inconclusive. The father had been operated for aortic coarctation. She presented a precordial systolic ejection murmur with irradiation to the back, no abdominal murmur and a differential arm-leg blood pressure of 50 mmHg. 2D/Doppler Echocardiogram showed concentric LV hypertrophy, Doppler investigation of the aorta from the suprasternal view was normal, but the flow in the abdominal aorta was typical of coarctation. MR angiography confirmed the diagnosis and surgical correction was performed. Case 2: A 14 years old girl with hypertension was referred for cardiac investigation. The abdominal auscultation revealed a systolic peri-umbilical murmur and the differential arm-leg blood pressure was 40 mmHg. Echo/Doppler was consistent with abdominal coarctation. MR angiography revealed a stenotic area in the abdominal portion of the aorta. She underwent surgery. Comments: Aortic coarctation is still a missed and late diagnosis. The first case is unusual as only the flow in the abdominal aorta was consistent with aortic coarctation. Abdominal coarctation is a rare disease. These cases are examples of the importance of a complete physical examination in the presence of arterial hypertension in children, as well as a thorough echocardiographic evaluation, so that a treatable cause of hypertension can be detected.