Fetal Echocardiography and Arteriovenous Malformartions (AVM)
Introduction: (AVM) are important noncardiac cause of heart failure in neonates and young infants, therefore antenatal detection and monitoring are essential for proper management.Objective: Assess fetal cardiac findings in patients diagnosed antenatally with (AVM).Method: Retrospective Review of consecutive Fetal Echocardiograms then Patients diagnosed antenatally with (AVM)/ Aneurysm of vein of Galen (AVG) at a tertiary care cardiac center.Results : Total number of Fetal echocardiograms were 1460, 4 patients had (AVG) two underwent Successful occlusion by catheter intervention and two died #1 and #4, patient #5 had Large Pulmonary fistula which was occluded successfully by catheter intervention, as illustrated in Table 1, all patients had progressive course with increased combined cardiac output, Conclusions: 1.Fetal Echocardiography is useful in diagnosis and prediction of management and outcome of patients with (AVM).2.Presence of severe multiple congenital anomalies /hydrops/pseudocoarctation/ marked increase in combined cardiac output or (MR with AVG) could be predictors for poor prognosis of patients with ( AVM)/(AVG).
| Patient # | Sex | Type of AVM | Cardiomegaly | Pericardial Effusion/Hydrops/ Pseudocoarctation | TR | MR | Chamber dilatation | Foramen Flow |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # 1 | F | Aneurysm of vein of Galen (AVG) | + >24 weeks | __ | + | __ | SVC/RA/RV | R >> L |
| # 2 | M | (AVG) | + >24 weeks | __ | + | __ | SVC/RA/RV | R >> L |
| # 3 | F | (AVG) | + >24 weeks | __ | + | __ | SVC/RA/RV | R >> L |
| # 4 | F | (AVG) | + >24 weeks | + | + | + | SVC/RA/RV | R >> L |
| # 5 | M | Pulmonary (AVM) | + >24 weeks | __ | + | + | Pulmonary veins/LA/LV | L >> R |